稀土永磁釹鐵硼材料應(yīng)用前景Application prospect of rare earth permanent magnet Nd-Fe-B materials
分類Catalog：行業(yè)新聞
發(fā)布時間Time：2021.08.23
作者：易贊磁業(yè)Author:EZC Magnetic
釹鐵硼是第三代稀土永磁材料被稱為“永磁王”的稀土釹鐵硼材料出現(xiàn)于20世紀(jì)80年代，它以高強度磁性和相對低廉的成本使永磁材料在各個領(lǐng)域得到前所未有的重用。
（中國科學(xué)院物理所王震西院士：釹鐵硼是第三代稀土永磁材料，被稱為“永磁王”。它的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)為四方對稱由兩個釹原子十四個鐵原子和一個硼原子組成。它將自然界最豐富且自發(fā)磁性最強的鐵和能夠使鐵的磁性固定在同一個方向的稀土釹相結(jié)合。這種結(jié)合似的釹鐵硼磁體不僅磁性強能吸起自身重量1000倍的鐵塊，而且價格便宜。）
984年，中國科學(xué)院物理所在王震西院士主持下成功研制開發(fā)了稀土釹鐵硼永磁體。為了充分發(fā)揮我國稀土大國的資源優(yōu)勢，促進(jìn)釹鐵硼研究成果的轉(zhuǎn)化，我國政府將“高檔稀土永磁釹鐵硼產(chǎn)業(yè)化”這個開發(fā)型項目列入國家863計劃。
863項目“高檔稀土永磁釹鐵硼產(chǎn)業(yè)化”的實施，極大的促進(jìn)了我國燒結(jié)釹鐵硼產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。我國的燒結(jié)釹鐵硼磁體從1985年的年產(chǎn)10噸增加到2000年的6500噸，現(xiàn)在我國的燒結(jié)釹鐵硼磁體的產(chǎn)量已達(dá)世界總產(chǎn)量的40%。
特別是863計劃成果產(chǎn)業(yè)化基地中科院三環(huán)新材料公司，這個我國規(guī)模最大的釹鐵硼磁體生產(chǎn)企業(yè)的許多高檔產(chǎn)品已向日本、韓國、英國出口，并正在開發(fā)一些具有獨立知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的高性能產(chǎn)品。2000年全球釹鐵硼生產(chǎn)企業(yè)排名中，三環(huán)公司以年產(chǎn)2000噸位居第三?，F(xiàn)在中科三環(huán)公司正在建設(shè)高檔釹鐵硼南北方生產(chǎn)基地，建成后年產(chǎn)量將達(dá)到4000噸。
863項目的實施，在促進(jìn)釹鐵硼產(chǎn)業(yè)自身的發(fā)展的同時對相關(guān)的許多產(chǎn)業(yè)產(chǎn)生了積極的影響。采用稀土永磁元件可使電器儀表和電子產(chǎn)品尺寸進(jìn)一步縮小，性能大幅度提高，適應(yīng)電子產(chǎn)品輕、薄、小的發(fā)展趨勢需求，也使得運輸車輛及機電產(chǎn)品的永磁部件的高效化、小型化、輕型化成為可能。
例如用釹鐵硼永磁體代替揚聲器中傳統(tǒng)的鐵氧體或鋁鎳鈷磁體，可在傳播功率不變得情況下使揚聲器重量減少2-3倍，還能大大提高揚聲器的靈敏度。
將稀土釹鐵硼材料應(yīng)用于各種電機的開發(fā)上可以明顯的減輕電機的重量，可以使電機的外型尺寸減小，又可以獲得高效的節(jié)能效果和提高電機的性能，再結(jié)合電力電子新技術(shù)，可實現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品機電一體化，對電機的應(yīng)用與發(fā)展起著重大的作用。最近沈陽工業(yè)大學(xué)特種電視研究所研制的1120千瓦永磁電機就是目前世界容量最大的稀土釹鐵硼永磁電機，它的機械功率高達(dá)97.5%,可以替代比它大1-2個功率等級的普通電動機。
現(xiàn)在稀土釹鐵硼材料正在滲透到國民經(jīng)濟的各個領(lǐng)域，小到音響、手機、影碟機，大到汽車、機電設(shè)備、磁懸浮列車等，釹鐵硼永磁材料都展現(xiàn)出巨大的應(yīng)用前景。Neodymium iron boron is the third generation of rare earth permanent magnet materials. It is called the "king of permanent magnet". Rare earth neodymium iron boron materials appeared in the 1980s. It makes permanent magnet materials get unprecedented reuse in various fields with high strength magnetism and relatively low cost.
(Academician Wang Zhenxi, Institute of physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences: Nd-Fe-B is the third generation of rare earth permanent magnet materials, known as the "king of permanent magnets". Its crystal structure is tetragonal symmetry, which is composed of two neodymium atoms, fourteen iron atoms and one boron atom. It combines the most abundant and spontaneous magnetic iron in nature with rare earth neodymium, which can fix the magnetism of iron in the same direction. This kind of combined NdFeB magnet is not only strong in magnetism and can absorb 1000 times its own weight of iron, but also cheap.)
In 984, the rare earth Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet was successfully developed under the auspices of Academician Wang Zhenxi of the Institute of physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In order to give full play to the resource advantages of China's large rare earth country and promote the transformation of neodymium iron boron research results, the Chinese government has included the development project of "industrialization of high-grade rare earth permanent magnet neodymium iron boron" in the National 863 plan.
The implementation of 863 project "industrialization of high-grade rare earth permanent magnet NdFeB" has greatly promoted the development of sintered NdFeB industry in China. The annual output of sintered NdFeB magnets in China increased from 10 tons in 1985 to 6500 tons in 2000. Now the output of sintered NdFeB magnets in China has reached 40% of the world's total output.
In particular, many high-end products of Sanhuan new materials company of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the largest NdFeB magnet production enterprise in China, which is the achievement industrialization base of the 863 plan, have been exported to Japan, South Korea and Britain, and are developing some high-performance products with independent intellectual property rights. In the ranking of global NdFeB manufacturers in 2000, Sanhuan ranked third with an annual output of 2000 tons. At present, Zhongke Sanhuan company is building a high-grade neodymium iron boron South and North production base, and the annual output will reach 4000 tons after completion.
The implementation of 863 project has not only promoted the development of Nd-Fe-B industry, but also had a positive impact on many related industries. The use of rare earth permanent magnet components can further reduce the size and greatly improve the performance of electrical instruments and electronic products, adapt to the development trend of light, thin and small electronic products, and make it possible to make the permanent magnet components of transport vehicles and electromechanical products more efficient, miniaturized and light.
For example, using Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet instead of the traditional ferrite or Al Ni Co magnet in the loudspeaker can reduce the weight of the loudspeaker by 2-3 times without changing the transmission power, and greatly improve the sensitivity of the loudspeaker.
The application of rare earth NdFeB materials in the development of various motors can significantly reduce the weight of the motor, reduce the overall size of the motor, obtain efficient energy-saving effect and improve the performance of the motor. Combined with the new power electronics technology, the product electromechanical integration can be realized, which plays an important role in the application and development of the motor. Recently, the 1120 kW permanent magnet motor developed by the special television Research Institute of Shenyang University of technology is the largest rare earth NdFeB permanent magnet motor in the world. Its mechanical power is as high as 97.5%, which can replace the ordinary motor with 1-2 power levels higher than it.
Now rare earth NdFeB materials are penetrating into all fields of the national economy, ranging from audio, mobile phones and DVD players to automobiles, electromechanical equipment and maglev trains. NdFeB permanent magnet materials show great application prospects.
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